Jump to content

List of political parties in the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of political parties in the United States, both past and present, does not include independents.

Not all states allow the public to access voter registration data. Therefore, voter registration data should not be taken as the correct value and should be viewed as an underestimate.

The abbreviations given come from state ballots used in the most recent elections.[1] Not all political parties have abbreviations.

Active parties

[edit]

Major parties

[edit]
Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology Ballot access Presidential ballot access (2024) Membership
(2024)[2]
Presidential vote (2024) Legislators
(federal and state)
Electoral Popular[3] Senators
[4]
Representatives State
legislators
[5]
Republican Party
(R)
1854 Right-wing Conservatism
Right-wing populism[a]
50 / 50
+ DC
50 / 50
+ DC
37,314,494
312 / 538
77,234,090 (49.9%)
53 / 100
220 / 435
4,031 / 7,383
Democratic Party
(D)
1828 Center-left Liberalism
50 / 50
+ DC
50 / 50
+ DC
45,512,696
226 / 538
74,936,918
(48.5%)
47 / 100
[A]
215 / 435
3,271 / 7,383

Third parties

[edit]

Represented in state legislatures

[edit]

The following third parties have members in state legislatures affiliated with them.

Ballot access in multiple states
[edit]
Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology Ballot access Presidential ballot access (2024) Membership
(2024)[2]
Presidential vote (2024) State
legislators
Forward Party 2022 Center
4 / 51
[6]
No candidate 1483 No candidate
3 / 7,383[7][8]
Ballot access in a single state
[edit]
Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology Ballot access Membership
(2024)[2]
Presidential vote (2024) State
legislators
Vermont Progressive Party 1993 Left-wing Progressivism[9]
Democratic socialism[9]
Vermont Unknown No candidate
5 / 180[10]

Other parties with ballot access

[edit]

The following third parties have ballot access in at least one state and are not represented in a national office or state legislature.[11]

Multi-state
[edit]
Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology Ballot access[11][12][13] Presidential ballot access (2024) Membership
(2024)[2]
Presidential vote (2024)[3]
Libertarian Party
(LIB)
1971[14] Libertarianism[15]
39 / 51
[16][17]
47 / 51
722,761 646,123 (0.418%)
Green Party
(GRE)
2001[18] Left-wing Green politics
Eco-socialism
21 / 51
37 / 51
246,994 813,066 (0.526%)
No Labels 2010 Center Centrism
14 / 51
No candidate 150,104 No candidate
Constitution Party
(CON)
1992[19] Far-right Paleoconservatism
Christian nationalism
13 / 51
12 / 51
150,949 54,053 (0.035%)[b]
Working Families Party
(WF)
1998[20] Left-wing Social democracy[21]
Progressivism
3 / 51
No candidate 59,109 No candidate
Party for Socialism and Liberation
(PSL)
2004[19] Far-left Marxism–Leninism[22]
3 / 51
19 / 51
2,582 154,538 (0.100%)[B]
Alliance Party 2019[23] Center Centrism[24]
2 / 51
31 / 51
+ DC[C]
Unknown 754,980 (0.49%)[D]
Natural Law Party
(NLP)
1992 Transcendental Meditation[25]
2 / 51
31 / 51
+ DC[E]
6,319 754,980 (0.49%)[D]
American Solidarity Party
(ASP)
2011[26] Syncretic
Fiscal: Center-left
Social: Center-right
Christian democracy[26]
2 / 51
7 / 51
2,070 32,654 (0.021%)
Single-state
[edit]
Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology Membership[c] Presidential vote (2024)[3] Ballot access[11]
American Independent Party 1967 Far-right Paleoconservatism[27] 861,468 754,980 (0.49%)[D] California
Liberal Party 2022 Center Classical liberalism[28] 15,940 859 (0.0006%) New Mexico
Working Class Party 2016 Left-wing Socialism[29]
Progressivism[29]
Unknown No candidate Michigan
Independent Party of Oregon 2007 Center Centrism[30] 146,899 No candidate Oregon
Peace and Freedom Party 1967 Left-wing Socialism[31] 142,311 154,538 (0.10%)[B] California
Approval Voting Party 2016 Electoral reform[32] 4,846 2,196 (0.001%) Colorado
Colorado Center Party 2022[33] Center Centrism 2,375 Colorado[33]
Conservative Party of New York State 1962 Right-wing Conservatism[34] 154,128 New York
Independent Party of Louisiana 2016 Center Centrism 147,941 Louisiana
United Kansas 2024 Center Centrism 131 Kansas
Oregon Progressive Party 2007 Left-wing Progressivism[35] 3,818 Oregon
Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party 1970 Left-wing Democratic socialism[36] Unknown Vermont
Alaskan Independence Party 1978[37] Center-right to right-wing Alaskan nationalism[38] 19,080 Alaska
Independent Party of Delaware 2000 Center-right Fiscal conservatism
Laissez-faire
Environmentalism
11,280 Delaware
United Utah Party 2017 Center Centrism[39] 2,435 Utah
Independent American Party 1993 Far-right Ultraconservatism[40] 91,822 Utah
Ecology Party of Florida 2008[41] Environmentalism 3,264 Florida
Independent Party of Florida 1993 Centrism 276,467 Florida
Aloha ʻĀina Party 2015 Hawaiian sovereignty[42] Unknown Hawaii
United Citizens Party 1969 Center-left to left-wing Progressivism
Black nationalism
Unknown South Carolina
Legal Marijuana Now Party 1998 Marijuana legalization[43] 8,151 Nebraska
Reform Party 1995 Center Radical centrism[44] 2,879 754,980 (0.49%)[D] Florida
Unity Party 2004 Center Centrism[45] 3,159 Colorado[d]
South Carolina Workers Party 2023 Left-wing Laborism Unknown South Carolina

Active parties without ballot access

[edit]

The following parties have been active in the past 4 years, but as of December 2021, did not have official ballot access in any state.[11]

Multi-state
[edit]
Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology Membership[46] Presidential vote (2024)[3]
Socialist Workers Party 1938 Far-left Communism
Fidelismo
789 4,118 (0.003%)
Prohibition Party 1869 Syncretic
Social: Center-right
Fiscal: Center-left
Temperance
Christian democracy
Social conservatism
19 1,144 (0.0007%)
Socialist Equality Party 1966 Far-left Trotskyism
Communism
Revolutionary socialism
Unknown 4,638 (0.003%)
Socialist Party USA 1973[19] Left-wing Socialism
Anti-capitalism
Eco-socialism
Socialist feminism
9,504 361 (0.0002%)
United States Pirate Party 2006 Syncretic Pirate politics
Civil libertarianism
Direct democracy
Unknown 914 (0.0006%)
Communist Party USA 1919 Far-left Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Bill of Rights socialism
Unknown
Progressive Labor Party 1962 Far-left Anti-revisionism
Stalinism
Unknown
Socialist Alternative 1986 Far-left Marxism
Revolutionary socialism
Trotskyism
Unknown
Workers World Party 1959 Far-left Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-Imperialism
Unknown
Freedom Socialist Party 1966 Far-left Trotskyism
Revolutionary socialism
Socialist feminism
Unknown
American Freedom Party 2009[47] Far-right American nationalism
Paleoconservatism
Right-wing populism
White nationalism
Anti-immigration
Unknown
Socialist Action 1983 Far-left Trotskyism[48] Unknown
Transhumanist Party 2014 Libertarian transhumanism
Extropianism
Technogaianism
Unknown
Single-state
[edit]
Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology Membership (2024)[2] Presidential vote (2024)[3] Year lost access Seeking access Ballot access
Common Sense Party of California 2019 Center Centrism 19,198 Never had California
Green Party of Alaska 1990 Left-wing Green politics[49] 1,522 3,284 (0.002%) As of May 2022[50] Alaska
California National Party 2015 Center-left Californian nationalism[51]
Social democracy
Unknown California
California Freedom Coalition 2017 Big tent Californian secessionism Unknown California
Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party 2014 Left-wing Marijuana legalization[52] Unknown 2022[53] Minnesota
Liberal Party of New York 1944 Center-left Liberalism[54] Unknown 2002 New York
Moderate Party of Rhode Island 2007 Center Centrism[55] Unknown 2018 Rhode Island
Green Party of Rhode Island 1992 Left-wing Green politics[56] Unknown Rhode Island
Independent Greens of Virginia 2005 Center-right Green conservatism[57] Unknown Virginia
Washington Progressive Party 2002 Left-wing Progressivism[58] Unknown Washington
Progressive Dane 1992 Left-wing Progressivism[59] Unknown Wisconsin
Moderate Party 2022 Center Centrism[60] Unknown Never had As of June 2022 New Jersey

Major parties in Puerto Rico

[edit]

The following parties are represented in the Puerto Rican Legislature.

Party Year
founded
Political position Ideology President Gubernatorial vote[61] Senators[62] Representatives[62] Mayors[63]
New Progressive Party
Partido Nuevo Progresista
1967[64] Center to center-right Puerto Rico statehood Pedro Pierluisi 427,016 (33.24%)
10 / 27
21 / 51
36 / 78
Popular Democratic Party
Partido Popular Democrático
1938[65] Center Pro-Commonwealth
Centrism
Jesús Manuel Ortiz 407,817 (31.75%)
12 / 27
26 / 51
41 / 78
Citizens' Victory Movement
Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana
2019 Left-wing Anti-imperialism
Anti-neoliberalism
Progressivism
Ana Irma Rivera Lassén 179,265 (13.95%)
2 / 27
2 / 51
0 / 78
Puerto Rican Independence Party
Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño
1946[64] Center-left Puerto Rico independence
Social democracy
Rubén Berríos 175,402 (13.58%)
1 / 27
1 / 51
0 / 78
Project Dignity
Proyecto Dignidad
2019 Center-right to right-wing Christian democracy
Anti-corruption
César Váquez Muñiz 87,379 (6.80%)
1 / 27
1 / 51
1 / 78

Historical parties

[edit]

Held national office or elected to Congress

[edit]
Party Created Disbanded Years in national office Ideology Other names Mergers/Splits
Federalist Party 1789 1824 1789–1825 Classical conservatism[66]
Anti-Administration party 1789 1792 1789–1792 Anti-Federalism[67] Merged into: Democratic-Republican Party in 1792
Democratic-Republican Party 1792 1825 1792–1825 Jeffersonianism[68] Republican Party, Democratic Party Split into: Democratic Party and National Republican Party
National Republican Party 1825 1837 1825–1837 Classical conservatism[69] Anti-Jacksonian Party, Adams-Clay Republicans Merged into: Whig Party
Anti-Masonic Party 1828 1838 1829–1839 Anti-Masonry[70] Merged into: Whig Party
Nullifier Party 1828 1839 1831–1839 Nullification[71]
Whig Party 1833 1854 1837–1857 Traditionalist conservatism[72]
Law and Order Party of Rhode Island 1840 1848 1843–1845 Anti-Dorr Rebellion[73] Charterites Merged into: Whig Party
Liberty Party 1840 1848 1845–1849 Abolitionism[74] Merged into: Free Soil Party and Republican Party
Know Nothing Party 1844 1860 1845–1860 Nativism[75] Merged into: Constitutional Union Party (South) and Republican Party (North)
Free Soil Party 1848 1855 1849–1857 Abolitionism[76] Merged into: Republican Party
Union Party 1850 1853 1851–1853 Conditional unionism[77]
Opposition Party (Northern) 1854 1858 1855–1857 Abolitionism[78] Merged into: Republican Party
Opposition Party (Southern) 1858 1860 1859–1860 Pro-slavery[79] Merged into: Constitutional Union Party
Constitutional Union Party 1860 1860 1860 Southern unionism[80] Unionist Party Merged into: Unconditional Union Party
Unconditional Union Party 1861 1866 1860–1866 American unionism[81] Union Party Merged into: National Union Party
Liberal Republican Party 1871 1875 1871–1875 Classical liberalism[82] Merged into: Republican Party and Democratic Party
Anti-Monopoly Party 1874 1886 1873–1881 Progressivism[83] Merged into: People's Party (1892)
Greenback Party 1874 1884 1879–1889 Currency reform[84] Merged into: People's Party (1892)
Readjuster Party 1870 1885 1881–1889 Left-wing populism[85]
Labor Party 1887–1891
People's Party (1892) 1892 1908 1892–1903 Populism[86] Populist Party Merged into: Democratic Party
Silver Party 1892 1902 1893–1902 Bimetalism[87] Merged into: Democratic Party
Silver Republican Party 1896 1900 1897–1900 Bimetalism[88] Merged into: Republican Party
Socialist Party of America 1901 1972 1911–1913
1915–1919
1921–1929
Democratic socialism[89] Splinter parties: Nonpartisan League (1915)
National Party (1917)
Communist Party USA (1919)
Proletarian Party of America (1920)
American Labor Party (1936)
Social Democratic Federation (1936)
Final split: (1972–1973) Socialist Party USA, Social Democrats, USA, and Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
Progressive Party (1912) 1912 1920 1913–1919 Progressivism[90] Bull Moose Party Merged into: Republican Party
Farmer–Labor Party 1920 1936 1919–1921
1923–1945
Social democracy[91] Merged into: Democratic Party
Wisconsin Progressive Party 1934 1946 1935–1946 Wisconsin Idea Merged into: Republican Party and Democratic Party
American Labor Party (1936) 1936 1956 1939–1951 Social democracy[92]
Nonpartisan League 1915 1956 1917–1959 Democratic socialism Agrarianism[93] NPL Merged into: North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party[94]

Multi-state political parties

[edit]
Party Created Disbanded Ideology Other names Mergers/Splits
American Republican Party (1843) 1843 1845 Nativism[95] Merged into: American Party (1844)
Democratic-Republican Party (1844) 1844 1844 Texas annexation[96] Merged into: Democratic Party
Southern Rights Party 1850 1854 Split into: Democratic Party and Whig Party

Merged into: Democratic Party

National Union Party 1864 1868 American unionism[97] Union Party Merged into: Republican Party
Radical Democracy Party 1864 1864 Abolitionism[98] Merged into: Republican Party
Socialist Labor Party of America 1876 2011 De Leonism[99] Workingmen's Party of the United States
National Democratic Party 1896 1900 Gold standard[100] Gold Democrats Split into: Democratic Party

Merged into: Democratic Party

Social Democracy of America 1897 1900 Utopian socialism[101] Merged into: Social Democratic Party
United Christian Party 1897 1928 Theocracy

Christian conservatism Direct democracy

Social Democratic Party 1898 1901 Democratic socialism[102] Merged into: Socialist Party of America
Independence Party 1906 1914 Progressivism[103] Independence League
Single Tax Party 1910 1920s Georgism[104] Land Value Tax Party, Commonwealth Land Party
National Woman's Party 1913 1930 Feminism
Nonpartisan League 1915 1956 Agrarianism[105] Splits from: Socialist Party of America
Merged into: North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party
National Party 1917 1919 Social democracy
Progressivism
Pro-war patriotism
Splits from: Socialist Party of America
Labor Party of the United States 1919 1920 Social democracy[106] Merged into: Farmer–Labor Party
Proletarian Party of America 1920 1971 Communism[107] Splits from: Socialist Party of America
Workers Party of America 1921 1929 Marxism–Leninism Communist Party USA
American Party (1924) 1924 1924 Nativism[108]
Progressive Party (1924) 1924 1924 Progressivism[109] Merged into: Wisconsin Progressive Party
Communist League of America 1928 1934 Trotskyism[110] Split from: Communist Party USA
American Labor Party (1932) 1932 1935 De Leonism[111] Split from: Industrial Union Party
Industrial Union Party 1933 1950 De Leonism Split from: Socialist Labor Party of America
American Workers Party 1933 1934 Trotskyism[112] Merged into: Workers Party of the United States
Workers Party of the United States 1934 1938 Trotskyism[113] Merged into: Socialist Party of America
Union Party 1935 1936 Distributism[114]
America First Party (1943) 1944 1947 Isolationism[115]
American Vegetarian Party 1947 1967
States' Rights Democratic Party 1948 1948 Segregationism[116] Dixiecrats Split from: Democratic Party
Progressive Party (1948) 1948 1955 Progressivism[117] Split from: Democratic Party
Constitution Party (1952) 1952 1970s Paleoconservatism[118] Christian Nationalist Party
National States' Rights Party 1958 1987 Neo-fascism
American Party (1969) 1969 2008 Paleoconservatism[119]
Raza Unida Party 1970 2012 Chicanismo[120]
People's Party (1971) 1971 1976 Democratic socialism[121]
U.S. Labor Party 1975 1979 LaRouchism[122]
Citizens Party 1979 1984 Progressivism[123]
New Alliance Party 1979 1992 Left-wing populism[124]
Populist Party (1984) 1984 1996 White nationalism[125]
Grassroots Party 1986 2012 Marijuana legalization
Greens/Green Party USA 1991 2019 Ecopolitics[126] Green Committees of Correspondence
Labor Party 1996 2007 Social democracy[127]
Southern Party 1999 2003 Southern nationalism[128]
Boston Tea Party 2006 2012 Libertarianism[129]
Independence Party of America 2007 2013 Centrism[130]
Modern Whig Party 2008[131] 2019[131] Conservative liberalism[132] Merged into: Alliance Party[131]
U.S. Marijuana Party 2002 2016? Cannabis legalisation

Civil libertarianism

Rent Is Too Damn High Party 2005 2015 Populism

Social welfare Anti-tax Anti-high rent

Justice Party 2011 2024 Progressivism[133]
Serve America Movement 2017 2022 Big tent[134] Merged into: Forward Party[135]

Single-state political parties

[edit]
Party Created Disbanded Ideology Other names Mergers/Splits State
Toleration Party 1816 1828 Secularism[136] American Party Merged into: Democratic Party Connecticut
Working Men's Party 1829 1831 Owenism[137] Merged into: Locofoco faction of the Democratic Party New York
Anti-Mormon Party 1841 1844 Illinois
Independent Anti-Mormon Party of Oneida County 1870s 1880s Idaho
People's Party 1870 1891 Mormonism[138] Utah
Liberal Party 1870 1893 Anti-clericalism[139] Utah
Independent Reform Party 1874 1874 Illinois
Independent Party 1884 1884 Florida
Home Rule Party of Hawaii 1900 1912 Hawaiian nationalism[140] Merged into: Republican Party Hawaii
American Party (1904) 1904 1911 Utah
American Party (1914) 1914 1916 Split from: Democratic Party New York
Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party 1918 1944 Populism[141] Merged into: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Minnesota
Progressive Democratic Party 1944 1948 Progressivism[142] Split from: Democratic Party South Carolina
Women's Equality Party 2014 2018 Feminism[143] New York
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 1964 1964 Desegregation[144] Merged into: Democratic Party Mississippi
Choctaw Youth Movement 1969 1975 Choctaw nationalism Oklahoma
Labor–Farm Party of Wisconsin 1982 1987 Left-wing populism[145] Wisconsin
Illinois Solidarity Party 1986 2007 Anti-LaRouchism[146] Split from: Democratic Party Illinois
Republican Moderate Party of Alaska 1986 2011 Centrism[147] Alaska
A Connecticut Party 1990 1998 Liberalism[148] Split from: Republican Party Connecticut
Independence Party of New York 1991 2022 Centrism[149] New York
New Jersey Conservative Party 1992 2009 Conservatism[150] New Jersey
Independent Grassroots Party 1996 1998 Marijuana legalization Split from: Grassroots Party Minnesota
Marijuana Reform Party 1998 2002 Marijuana legalization[151] New York
Independence Party of Florida 1999 2017 Florida
Personal Choice Party 2004 2006 Libertarianism[152] Utah
Florida Whig Party 2006 2012 Fiscal Conservatism[153] Florida
Connecticut for Lieberman 2006 2013 Centrism[154] Split from: Democratic Party Connecticut
Taxpayers Party of New York 2010 2011 Conservatism[155] New York
Freedom Party of New York 2010 2011 Progressivism[156] New York
United Independent Party 2014 2017 Liberalism[157] Massachusetts
Bread and Roses Party 2018 2021 Socialism[158] Maryland
Libertarian Party of Virginia 1974 2022[17] Libertarianism[15] Virginia
Tea Party of Nevada 2010 2010 Tea Party movement Split from: Republican Party Nevada
People's Party 2017 2025 Progressivism[159] Florida

Political parties in the unincorporated territories

[edit]
Party Created Disbanded Ideology Other names Mergers/Splits Territory
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party 1922 1965 Puerto Rican nationalism[160] Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican Socialist Party 1959 1993 Puerto Rican nationalism[161] Puerto Rico
Covenant Party 2001 2013[162] Populism Merged into: Republican Party Northern Mariana Islands
Working People's Party 2010 2016 Partido del Pueblo Trabajador Puerto Rico
Popular Party (Guam) 1949 1964 Commercial Party Merged into: Democratic Party Guam
Territorial Party (Guam) 1956 1966 Merged into: Republican Party Guam
Popular Party (Northern Mariana Islands)[163][164] 1978 Merged into: Democratic Party Northern Mariana Islands
Territorial Party (Northern Mariana Islands)[164] Merged into: Republican Party Northern Mariana Islands

Non-electoral organizations

[edit]

Active

[edit]

These organizations generally do not nominate candidates for election, but some of them have in the past; they otherwise function similarly to political parties.

Political party Year founded Former names Ideology Mergers/Splits International affiliations
African People's Socialist Party 1972 Merger of: Junta of Militant Organizations
Black Rights Fighters
Black Study Group
Uhuru Movement
American Indian Movement 1968 Pan-Indianism
Black Hammer Party 2019 Black nationalism
Black separatism
Black conservatism
Pan-Africanism
Trumpism
Garveyism
Afrocentrism
Anti-colonialism
Anti-liberalism
Anti-communism
Anti-Zionism
Vaccine hesitancy
Russophilia
Sakaism
Pan-Africanism
Black Riders Liberation Party 1996[165]
Charter Committee 1924
Christian Liberty Party 2000
Citizens Party of the United States 2004
Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism 1991
Clan na Gael 1867 Irish republicanism
Irish nationalism
Irish-American Interests
Successor to the Fenian Brotherhood IRB (until 1924)
Irish Volunteers (until 1918)
IRA (until 1969)
Provisional IRA (until 2005)
Democratic Socialists of America 1982 Democratic socialism
Multi-tendency
Merger of: DSOC, New American Movement FSP, Progressive International
Freedom Road Socialist Organization 1985 ICS
Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America 1984 Marxism–Leninism
Irish republicanism
Left-wing nationalism
Revolutionary socialism
Irish-American Interests
IRSP
National Justice Party 2020 White nationalism
National Labor Federation 1972 Communism
National Socialist Movement 1974 Neo-Nazism
Neo-fascism
White supremacy
Anti-globalism
WUNS
New Afrikan Black Panther Party 2005
New Black Panther Party 1989
New York State Right to Life 1970
News and Letters Committees[citation needed] 1955
No Labels 2010
Patriot Front 2017 Neo-fascism
American nationalism
Revolutionary Black Panther Party 1992
Revolutionary Communist Party, USA 1975 Revolutionary Union Maoism
Social Democrats, USA 1972
Spartacist League/U.S.[citation needed] 1966 ICL(FI)
World Socialist Party of the United States 1916 Socialist Party of the United States
Socialist Educational Society
Workers' Socialist Party
Socialism
Syndicalism
Anti-Leninism
Communism
Classical Marxism
Revolutionary socialism
Impossibilism
Split from: Socialist Party of America WSM

Historical

[edit]

These historical organizations did not officially nominate candidates for election but may have endorsed or supported campaigns; they otherwise functioned similarly to political parties.

Party Created Disbanded Ideology Other names Mergers/Splits
National Renaissance Party 1949 1981 Neo-Nazism
American Nazi Party 1959 1983 Neo-Nazism World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists, National Socialist White People's Party, New Order (successor organization) Split into: National Socialist Party of America, National Alliance, National Socialist Movement, and New Order.
Patriot Party 1960 1980 Socialism[166] Split from: Young Patriots Organization
Black Panther Party 1966 1982 Black nationalism[167]
Youth International Party 1967 1967 Anarcho-socialism[168] Yippies
Marxist–Leninist Party, USA 1967 1993 Marxism–Leninism[169]
Red Guard Party 1969 1973 Maoism
Communist Workers Party 1969 1985 Maoism[170]
National Socialist Party of America 1970 1981 Neo-Nazism Split from: American Nazi Party
National Amerindianist American Redman's Party 1972 1976 Third Worldism, Socialism
National Alliance 1974 2013 Neo-Nazism Split from: American Nazi Party
New Union Party 1974 2005 De Leonism[171]
International Socialist Organization 1977 2019 Trotskyism[172]
White Patriot Party 1980 1987 White supremacy Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan,
Confederate Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
New Party 1992 1998 Progressivism[173]
Traditionalist Worker Party 2013 2018 Neo-Nazism[174]

Party registration

[edit]

Officially recognized parties in states are not guaranteed have ballot access, membership numbers of some parties with ballot access are not tracked, and vice versa. Not all of these parties are active, and not all states record voter registration by party. Boxes in gray mean that the specific party's registration is not reported.

Political party registration by state
State/DC As of DEM REP LIB GRN CST NLB RFM WFP Others Unaffiliated Total
Alaska April 3, 2024[175] 73,637 143,100 6,654 776 21,232[e] 346,110 591,509
Arizona April 2024[176] 1,192,205 1,434,982 31,164 2,796 27,539
1,369,634
4,058,320
Arkansas May 3, 2024[177] 86,231 131,647 700 104 1 1,543,863 1,762,546
California February 20, 2024[178] 10,285,108 5,388,479 240,618 102,659 271 42,039 1,195,512[f] 4,822,647 22,077,333
Colorado May 1, 2024[179] 1,006,438 903,079 37,315 8,280 11,245 7,969 9,413[g] 1,850,286 3,834,112
Connecticut May 16, 2024[180] 798,205 466,908 2,996 1,350 298 29,155[h] 919,524 2,218,436
Delaware May 1, 2024[181] 350,955 205,909 2,028 718 238 1,768 47 314 15,130[i] 197,529 774,636
Washington, D.C. August 2022[182] 379,489 26,567 2,290 3,855 82,556 494,757
Florida February 20, 2024[183] 4,363,490 5,214,907 35,445 7,712 14,833 7,498 266,493[j] 3,539,382 13,449,760
Idaho August 2022[182] 129,550 577,507 11,147 4,036 275,271 997,511
Iowa November 1, 2022[184] 597,120 681,871 12,100 2,966 555,988 1,850,045
Kansas April 30, 2024[185] 503,972 874,132 24,151 39 563,482 1,965,776
Kentucky April 15, 2024[186] 1,511,242 1,615,451 16,391 2,403 1,376 209 190,063[k] 153,870 3,491,005
Louisiana November 7, 2023[187] 1,133,813 1,021,571 15,839 2,583 154 2,296 823 130,273[l] 665,154 2,979,345
Maine March 5, 2024[188] 341,925 281,904 5,236 36,724 9,677 275,560 951,026
Maryland March 2024[189] 2,208,095 994,529 18,836 234 54,299 909,180 4,185,173
Massachusetts May 3, 2024[190] 1,336,825 415,438 3,599 292 113 722 36,484[m] 3,132,433 4,925,906
Nebraska May 1, 2024[191] 330,657 605,466 18,036 6,684[n] 271,568 1,232,411
Nevada May 1, 2024[192] 708,432 654,182 20,967 48,105 794,532 2,329,718
New Hampshire March 29, 2024[193] 260,281 304,375 325,930 890,586
New Jersey June 1, 2024[194] 2,496,054 1,563,771 25,174 11,498 12,989 1,550 28,084[o] 2,422,574 6,561,694
New Mexico April 30, 2024[195] 577,692 415,653 27,443[p] 315,390 1,336,178
New York February 27, 2024[196] 6,404,069 2,903,144 54,678 572,778[q] 3,173,678 13,108,347
North Carolina May 1, 2024[197] 2,404,692 2,234,315 50,119 2,056 0 (New) 7,752 2,743,054 7,441,988
Oklahoma April 30, 2024[198] 649,432 1,214,774 22,365 449,488 2,336,059
Oregon August 2022[182] 1,014,041 730,765 20,865 7,820 8,364 141,185[r] 1,031,392 2,958,277
Pennsylvania April 29, 2024[199] 3,895,223 3,499,524 42,919 10,326 1,273,199 8,721,191
Rhode Island May 2024[200] 281,725 103,268 338,629 723,622
South Dakota May 1, 2024[201] 144,243 303,722 2,923 22 945 149,935 601,790
Utah June 3, 2024[202] 275,698 991,894 26,411 74 8,497 2,353 88,837[s] 574,734 1,968,498
West Virginia May 4, 2024[203] 358,056 477,549 10,800 2,542 39,412 292,963 1,181,322
Wyoming May 4, 2024[204] 23,787 178,387 1,057 343 13 15,875 219,462

Parties by number of registered voters

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
Notes
  1. ^ Includes Trumpism
  2. ^ The Constitution Party had two candidates running for the 2024 presidential election—one which was nominated by the party and one which was nominated by the Constitution Party dissidents.
  3. ^ See membership table below
  4. ^ Disaffiliated
  5. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  6. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  7. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  8. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  9. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  10. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  11. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  12. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  13. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  14. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  15. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  16. ^
  17. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  18. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  19. ^ "Other" political affiliations listed as follows:
  1. ^ Includes two Independent Senators who both caucus with the Democratic Party.[4]
  2. ^ a b Votes counted as part of a fusion ticket.
  3. ^ The Alliance Party originally nominated Robert F. Kennedy Jr, who later dropped out. However, he remained on the ballot in other states. Kennedy was nominated by several parties.
  4. ^ a b c d The party's candidate, Robert F. Kennedy Jr, dropped out before the election. However, votes were still cast for him. Votes counted in a fusion ticket.
  5. ^ The Natural Law Party originally nominated Robert F. Kennedy Jr, who later dropped out. However, he remained on the ballot in other states. Kennedy was nominated by several parties.
Footnotes
  1. ^ "Official 2024 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Electoral Commission. January 16, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
  2. ^ a b c d e Winger, Richard (November 29, 2024). "August 2022 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Presidential Election Results: Trump Wins". The New York Times. November 5, 2024. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
  4. ^ a b "U.S. Senate: Party Division". United States Senate. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  5. ^ "State Partisan Composition". National Conference of State Legislatures. April 1, 2019. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  6. ^ "Forward Party". June 16, 2024. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  7. ^ Prose, J. D. (June 21, 2023). "Two Pa. legislators announce their affiliation with centrist Forward Party". pennlive. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  8. ^ Fox, Derick (March 7, 2025). "Sen. Dan Thatcher leaves Republican party for Utah Forward party". ABC4. Retrieved March 7, 2025.
  9. ^ a b Elliott-Negri, Luke (August 2, 2016). "Lessons From Vermont". Jacobin. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  10. ^ "ELECTED PROGRESSIVES". The Vermont Progressive Party. January 12, 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d "List of political parties in the United States". ballotpedia.org. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  12. ^ "State Board Recognizes Green Party as NC Political Party".
  13. ^ Winger, Richard (May 6, 2024). "April 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  14. ^ Martin, Douglas (November 22, 2010). "David Nolan, 66, Is Dead; Started Libertarian Party". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  15. ^ a b Segal, Cheryl (May 27, 2016). "5 things the Libertarian Party stands for". The Hill. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  16. ^ Johnston, Bob (November 9, 2020). "Ballot Access Update". Libertarian Party. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
  17. ^ a b Doherty, Brian (September 15, 2022). "Libertarian Party Faces State Rebellions". Reason. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  18. ^ "Green Party Founding". www.c-span.org. C-SPAN. July 30, 2001. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  19. ^ a b c Feinauer, J.J. (January 16, 2014). "Want to support a third party? Here are your options". Deseret News. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  20. ^ "Ballot Access News -- June 1, 2006". www.ballot-access.org. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  21. ^ Meyerson, Harold (November 11, 2014). "Meet the Working Families Party, Whose Ballot Line is in Play in New York". Prospect. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  22. ^ "No separate destiny for US workers apart from the workers of the world". International Communist Press. October 1, 2018. Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2019.
  23. ^ "How We Formed". Alliance Party. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  24. ^ Winger, Richard (May 6, 2019). "Minnesota Independence Party Becomes State Affiliate of the Alliance Party | Ballot Access News". Ballot Access News. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  25. ^ Thomas, Jeff (February 6, 1996). "Natural Law Party advocates meditation as way to peace". Colorado Springs Gazette - Telegraph. p. B.2.
  26. ^ a b Cimmino, Jeff (August 7, 2017). "The American Solidarity Party Charts Its Own Path". National Review. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  27. ^ "Would-be independents joining the American Independent Party could blame California's voter registration card". Los Angeles Times. April 19, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  28. ^ "Introducing the Association of Liberty State Parties" (PDF). LPNM. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  29. ^ a b Perkins, William; Travis, Jordan (November 4, 2022). "In northern Michigan, some third-party candidates seek to break the mold". Traverse City Record-Eagle. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  30. ^ "INDEPENDENT PARTY'S 2009 LEGISLATIVE AGENDA | Independent Party of Oregon". August 19, 2009. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  31. ^ Wojcik, Nik (October 26, 2016). "Peace and Freedom Party candidate talks socialism". Golden Gate XPress. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  32. ^ Luning, Ernst (October 2, 2019). "Colorado's Approval Voting Party achieves minor party status". Colorado Politics. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  33. ^ a b Metzger, Hannah (September 8, 2023). "Colorado Center Party becomes state's newest political party". coloradopolitics.com. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  34. ^ Chiusano, Mark (February 1, 2019). "End of a Long era for NY Conservatives". Newsday. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  35. ^ "Oregon Peace Party becomes Progressive Party | Oregon Progressive Party". October 3, 2009. Archived from the original on October 3, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  36. ^ Young, Jeremy Au (February 26, 2016). "Is socialism now acceptable in the US?". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  37. ^ Finnegan, Michael (September 3, 2008). "Sarah Palin's ties to Alaskan Independence Party are played down". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  38. ^ Walker, Hunter (September 17, 2014). "American Separatists Are Thrilled About Scotland And Think It Will Lead To A 'Paradigm Shift'". Business Insider. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  39. ^ "New centrist party forms in Utah to attract disaffected Republicans, Democrats". The Salt Lake Tribune. May 22, 2017. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  40. ^ Coombs, Carlene (July 17, 2022). "Why confusion between registering as independent vs. unaffiliated might be causing this third party to grow". Deseret News. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  41. ^ Penn, Ivan (October 30, 2012). "Ecology Party of Florida to battle over environmental concerns surrounding the Levy County nuclear plant". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  42. ^ "Could Hawaii see another political party? Aloha Aina hopes to join the mix". www.kitv.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  43. ^ Lind, Michael (December 3, 1995). "The Radical Center or the Moderate Middle?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  44. ^ "Unity Party Reaches Minor-Party Status in Colorado". Westword. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  45. ^ Winger, Richard (March 28, 2021). "March 2021 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
  46. ^ "American Freedom Party". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  47. ^ "Socialist Equality Party Raises its U.S. Profile: With a History as Left Wreckers and a 19th Century Program, a Group to Beware of". Socialism.com. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  48. ^ Alaska, Green Party of. "Green Party of Alaska". Green Party of Alaska. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  49. ^ "Political Groups". elections.alaska.gov. Alaska Division of Elections. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  50. ^ "This SFSU Calif. Secessionist is Newsom's most fascinating recall foe". June 21, 2021.
  51. ^ Featherly, Kevin (August 3, 2018). "Weed backer hopes to smoke competition in AG race". Minnesota Lawyer. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  52. ^ Van Berkel, Jessie (November 12, 2022). "One of Minnesota's marijuana parties loses major party status". Minnesota Star Tribune. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  53. ^ Fois, Bob (March 8, 2006). "Revisionist Politics". News Copy. Archived from the original on April 10, 2008 – via Wayback machine.
  54. ^ "Moderate Party | Rhode Island | onPolitix". November 12, 2012. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  55. ^ "Green Party of Rhode Island - ¡Este es tu partido!- This is your party!". www.rigreens.org. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  56. ^ "Policy Endorsements". Independent Greens of Virginia. September 1, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  57. ^ "Washington Progressive Party - About". waprogressiveparty.org. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  58. ^ Luce, Stephanie (July 28, 2017). "What Happens If We Win?". Jacobin.
  59. ^ Hounshell, Blake (June 7, 2022). "New Jersey Centrists Seek to Legalize Their Dream: The Moderate Party". The New York Times. Retrieved November 26, 2022.
  60. ^ "Puerto Rico gubernatorial election, 2020". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  61. ^ a b "Puerto Rico Legislative Assembly". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  62. ^ "List of current mayors of Puerto Rico". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  63. ^ a b Ramos, Tatiana Mena (October 13, 2020). "Which Political Parties are Competing for the Governorship of Puerto Rico?". BELatina. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  64. ^ "Political Parties of Puerto Rico, Founded 1898 through 1945*| US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  65. ^ Viereck, Peter (1956). Conservative Thinkers: From John Adams to Winston Churchill. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. pp. 87–95.
  66. ^ Gordon S. Wood (2009). Empire of liberty. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503914-6.
  67. ^ "Democratic-Republican Party". Encyclopædia Britannica. July 20, 1998. Retrieved August 30, 2017. The Republicans contended that the Federalists harboured aristocratic attitudes and that their policies placed too much power in the central government and tended to benefit the affluent at the expense of the common man.
  68. ^ Brown, Thomas (1985). Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780231056021. OCLC 906445960.
  69. ^ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (July 20, 1998). "Anti-Masonic Movement". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  70. ^ Ford, Hamilton, Madison, and Jay; ed Paul L. "South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification". The Federalist (Ford).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  71. ^ Farmer, Brian (2008). American Conservatism: History, Theory and Practice. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 155. ISBN 9781443802765.
  72. ^ "End of survey report: State of Rhode Island". UNT Journal. January 1, 1979. doi:10.2172/5212647.
  73. ^ Thomas Hudson McKee (1970). The National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties 1789-1905. Scholarly Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-403-00356-3.
  74. ^ Boissoneault, Lorraine. "How the 19th-Century Party Reshaped American Politics". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  75. ^ Wilentz, Sean (2005). The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 478–479. ISBN 0-393-05820-4.
  76. ^ Holt, Michael F. (1983). The Political Crisis of the 1850s. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-393-95370-1.
  77. ^ Baggett, James Alex (September 2004). The Scalawags : Southern dissenters in the Civil War and reconstruction (Louisiana paperback ed.). Baton Rouge: 2004. ISBN 0-8071-3014-1. OCLC 717408969.
  78. ^ Freehling, William W., 1935- (1990–2007). The road to disunion. Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana (Mississippi State University. Libraries). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505814-3. OCLC 20670363.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  79. ^ Egerton, Douglas R. (2010). Year of meteors : Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the election that brought on the Civil War (1st U.S. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-59691-619-7. OCLC 504281088.
  80. ^ Fehrenbacher, Don E.; Nevins, Allan (1972). "The War for the Union. Volume 3, The Organized War, 1863; Volume 4, The Organized War to Victory, 1864-1865". The American Historical Review. 77 (3): 832. doi:10.2307/1870477. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1870477.
  81. ^ Slap, Andrew L. (2006). Doom of Reconstruction : the Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era. Bronx: Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-2711-2. OCLC 923763474.
  82. ^ Veditz, C. W. A. (1908). "The New Encyclopedia of Social Reform, etc. Edited by William D. P. Bliss and Rudolph M. Binder, Ph.D., with the coöperation of many specialists, etc. New Edition. (New York and London: Funk and Wagnalls Company. 1908. Pp. vi, 1321.)". American Political Science Review. 4 (1): 139–141. doi:10.2307/1944430. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1944430. S2CID 148521310.
  83. ^ Paul Kleppner, The Greenback and Prohibition Parties," in Arthur M. Schlesinger (ed.), History of U.S. Political Parties: Volume II, 1860-1910, The Gilded Age of Politics. New York: Chelsea House/R.R. Bowker Co., 1973; pg. 1552.
  84. ^ Pearson, C. C. (1916). "The Readjuster Movement in Virginia". The American Historical Review. 21 (4): 734–749. doi:10.2307/1835892. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t08w3zv24. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1835892.
  85. ^ Mansbridge, Jane; Macedo, Stephen (October 13, 2019). "Populism and Democratic Theory". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 15 (1): 59–77. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042843. ISSN 1550-3585. S2CID 210355727.
  86. ^ "MALAWI: Voter Registration". Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series. 45 (8): 17640B – 17640C. 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1467-825x.2008.01886.x. ISSN 0001-9844.
  87. ^ Ellis, Elmer (1932). "The Silver Republicans in the Election of 1896". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 18 (4): 519–534. doi:10.2307/1898561. ISSN 0161-391X. JSTOR 1898561.
  88. ^ Martinek, Jason D (2010). "Business at the Margins of Capitalism: Charles H. Kerr and Company and the Progressive Era Socialist Movement" (PDF). Business & Economic History On-Line. p. 6.
  89. ^ Mead, Walter Russell; Chace, James (2004). "1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs: The Election That Changed the Country". Foreign Affairs. 83 (5): 172. doi:10.2307/20034097. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20034097.
  90. ^ Cravens, Hamilton (1966). "The Emergence of the Farmer-Labor Party in Washington Politics, 1919-20". The Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 57 (4): 148–157. ISSN 0030-8803. JSTOR 40488173.
  91. ^ Waltzer, K. (April 1, 1980). "The Party and the Polling Place: American Communism and an American Labor Party in the 1930s". Radical History Review. 1980 (23): 104–129. doi:10.1215/01636545-1980-23-104. ISSN 0163-6545.
  92. ^ "The Birth of the Nonpartisan League". The BND Story. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  93. ^ "Home - Dem-NPL Party Democrats". Dem-NPL Party. November 5, 2024. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  94. ^ LeMay, Michael. Transforming America: Perspectives on U.S. Immigration. ABC-CLIO. p. 220.
  95. ^ "JOHN TYLER: CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS". Miller Center. October 4, 2016.
  96. ^ Inbody, Donald S. (2016), "Reelecting Mr. Lincoln: 1863–1865", The Soldier Vote, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 29–44, doi:10.1057/9781137519207_3, ISBN 978-1-349-57815-3
  97. ^ Smith, Adam I. P. (August 17, 2006), "Concepts of Party and Nation before the Civil War", No Party Now, Oxford University Press, pp. 9–24, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188653.003.0002, ISBN 978-0-19-518865-3
  98. ^ Grevin, Jerry (July 23, 2001). "The political legacy of De Leonism (part VI)". Internationalism. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
  99. ^ Rothbard, Murray N. (Murray Newton), 1926-1995. (2002). A history of money and banking in the United States : the colonial era to World War II. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute. ISBN 0-945466-33-1. OCLC 51205107.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  100. ^ Quint, Howard H. (1953). The forging of American socialism : origins of the modern movement. University of South Carolina Press. OCLC 597175.
  101. ^ Davenport, Tim, ed. (1897). "Declaration of Principles of The Social Democracy of America" (PDF). Marxist History. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  102. ^ "The Independence Convention Makes its Choice in Early Morning" (PDF). The New York Times. July 29, 1908. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  103. ^ "Single Tax". Time. February 18, 1924. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2021. A National Convention of the great Presidential year of 1924 was held in Manhattan. Before the Convention, the name of the Party was the Single Tax Party. After the Convention it was the Commonwealth Land Party. But the change was only a change of name.
  104. ^ Saloutos, Theodore (1946). "The Rise of the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota, 1915-1917". Agricultural History. 20 (1): 43–61. ISSN 0002-1482. JSTOR 3739348.
  105. ^ Foner, Philip Sheldon, 1910-1994. (1988). History of the labor movement in the United States (2d ed.). New York: International Publishers. ISBN 0-7178-0092-X. OCLC 2134966.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  106. ^ Tim Davenport (May 16, 2011). Formation of the Proletarian Party of America, Part 1.
  107. ^ "Candidate Tells Where He Stands". August 22, 1924. p. 13. ProQuest 161696255. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  108. ^ "The Progressive Movement of 1924. By<italic>Kenneth Campbell MacKay</italic>. (New York: Columbia University Press. 1947. Pp. 298. $3.75.)". The American Historical Review. 1947. doi:10.1086/ahr/53.3.569. ISSN 1937-5239.
  109. ^ Cannon, James Patrick, 1890-1974. (1944). The history of American Trotskyism : report of a participant. Pioneer Publishers. OCLC 265864.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  110. ^ Industrial Union Party (1968). Industrial unionist Vol. II #6 Nov. 1933. dudeman5685. New York : Greenwood Reprint Corp.
  111. ^ Wald, Alan M., 1946- (1987). The New York intellectuals : the rise and decline of the anti-Stalinist left from the 1930s to the 1980s. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1716-3. OCLC 14273419.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  112. ^ "FOR FUSION WITH THE AWP!". www.marxists.org. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  113. ^ Brinkley, Alan. (1983). Voices of protest : Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression. Mazal Holocaust Collection. (1st Vintage books ed.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-394-71628-0. OCLC 9370944.
  114. ^ Caverly, Matthew. America First Party.docx.
  115. ^ Lemmon, Sarah McCulloh (1951). "The Ideology of the "Dixiecrat" Movement". Social Forces. 30 (2): 162–171. doi:10.2307/2571628. ISSN 0037-7732. JSTOR 2571628.
  116. ^ Markowitz, Norman D. (1973). The Rise and Fall of the People's Century: Henry A. Wallace and American Liberalism, 1941-1948. New York: Free Press. p. iii. LCCN 72086508. OCLC 1036776283.
  117. ^ "Constitution Party Hits Candidates on Red Issue". Altoona Tribune. October 2, 1952. p. 13. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  118. ^ "Our Campaigns - Political Party - American (Amer)". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  119. ^ Soldatenko, Michael. (2009). Chicano studies : the genesis of a discipline. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-9953-0. OCLC 844052292.
  120. ^ Kastenberg, Joshua E. (April 1, 2016). Shaping US Military Law. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315608853. ISBN 978-1-315-60885-3.
  121. ^ Russo, Andrew (1989). The Lyndon LaRouche political movement (Master's thesis). San Jose State University Library. doi:10.31979/etd.phnj-d7e2.
  122. ^ "Platform of the Citizens/Consumer Party as adopted at Party Convention | Digital Pitt". digital.library.pitt.edu. 1980. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  123. ^ Fulani, Leonora (February 20, 2007). "Keynote Address". Independent Voting. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  124. ^ Bringhurst, Newell G. (2008). The Mormon quest for the presidency. Foster, Craig L. (2nd ed.). Independence, MO: John Whitmer Books. ISBN 978-1-934901-11-3. OCLC 243743573.
  125. ^ "Official Formation of the Green Party-USA | C-SPAN.org". www.c-span.org. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  126. ^ Hendren, Lee (January 23, 2006). "Labor Party launches petition drive to gain ballot access". The Times and Democrat. Archived from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  127. ^ "Southern Party seeks to revive old times not forgotten - August 1, 1999". www.cnn.com. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  128. ^ Byrnes, Sholto (October 23, 2008). "Bizarre political parties: The Boston Tea Party". New Statesman. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  129. ^ "Independence Party of America formed". Mid-Hudson News Network. September 24, 2007. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  130. ^ a b c "Modern Whig Party". ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  131. ^ Christensen, Rob (April 26, 2009). "Whigs Rise Again". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  132. ^ "Presidential Hopefuls Meet in Third Party Debate". PBS NewsHour Extra. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  133. ^ Abrahams, Tom (June 22, 2021). "SAM, known as the Serve America Movement, hopes to become next political party". ABC13. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  134. ^ Reid, Tim (July 27, 2022). "Former Republicans and Democrats form new third U.S. political party". Reuters. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
  135. ^ Fox, Dixon Ryan; Purcell, Richard J. (1963). "Connecticut in Transition, 1775-1818". Political Science Quarterly. 36 (2): 317. doi:10.2307/2142262. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2142262.
  136. ^ Carlton, Frank T. (1907). "The Workingmen's Party of New York City: 1829-1831". Political Science Quarterly. 22 (3): 401–415. doi:10.2307/2141055. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2141055.
  137. ^ Russell, William D.; Walker, Ronald W. (1999). "Wayward Saints: The Godbeites and Brigham Young". The Western Historical Quarterly. 30 (4): 524. doi:10.2307/971442. ISSN 0043-3810. JSTOR 971442.
  138. ^ Erickson, Velt G. (1948). The Liberal Party of Utah (MA thesis). University of Utah.
  139. ^ Andrade, Ernest Jr. (1996). Unconquerable rebel : Robert W. Wilcox and Hawaiian politics, 1880-1903. Niwot, Colo.: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 0-585-02407-3. OCLC 42329047.
  140. ^ Hudelson, Richard. (2006). By the ore docks : a working people's history of Duluth. Ross, Carl, 1913-. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-9760-1. OCLC 320324829.
  141. ^ Lau, Peter F., 1971- (2006). Democracy rising : South Carolina and the fight for Black equality since 1865. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-7129-6. OCLC 70262482.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  142. ^ Taylor, Kate (July 17, 2014). "Cuomo Allies Plan a Political Party Focusing on Women". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  143. ^ Sojourner, Sue Lorenzi, 1941- (2013). Thunder of freedom : black leadership and the transformation of 1960s Mississippi. Reitan, Cheryl. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-4095-7. OCLC 826855507.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  144. ^ "Labor and Farm Party Records, 1982-1987". digicoll.library.wisc.edu. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  145. ^ Williams, John W. (1995). "THE 1986 LAROUCHE ELECTION DEBACLE IN ILLINOIS". Principia College. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  146. ^ "Faiks Draws Fire". Daily Sitka Sentinel. August 29, 1986. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  147. ^ Yarrow, Andrew L. (July 27, 1992). "Third Party Celebrates Its Second Year". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  148. ^ "Third Choice | Independence Party of New York | United States". Ipny. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  149. ^ Pristin, Terry (September 28, 1995). "NEW JERSEY DAILY BRIEFING; Conservatives May Join Perot". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  150. ^ "Burnt Out". New York Press. Manhattan Media. December 28, 2004. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
  151. ^ Gunzburger, Ron (March 16, 2008). "Politics1 - Guide to the 2004 Personal Choice Party Presidential Candidate". Politics1. Archived from the original on March 16, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  152. ^ Phillips, Michael M. (August 24, 2010). "Political Party for Mild-Mannered Is Off to a Slow Start". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  153. ^ Kornblut, Anne E.; Peters, Jeremy W. (November 7, 2006). "Lieberman Prevails Against Lamont in Connecticut". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  154. ^ Barrett, Wayne (October 1, 2010). "Carl Paladino vs. The Tea Party: No Love Lost". Village Voice. Archived from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
  155. ^ Lisberg, Adam (June 18, 2010). "Charles Barron, upset at all-white Dem ticket, running for gov as head of all-black Freedom Party". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
  156. ^ Tyler, Taylor (July 14, 2013). "Newly Formed United Independent Party Makes MA Gubernatorial Run". Independent Voter Network. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  157. ^ Chason, Rachel (August 28, 2019). "Jerome Segal, of Maryland socialist Bread and Roses party, to run for president". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 2, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  158. ^ "Our Platform - Movement For A People's Party". The People's Party. August 14, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
  159. ^ Pagán, Bolívar. (1959). Historia de los partidos políticos puertorriqueños (1898-1956). Librería Campos. OCLC 29383220.
  160. ^ The Puerto Rican movement : voices from the diaspora. Torres, Andrés, 1947-, Velázquez, José E. (José Emiliano), 1952-. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1998. ISBN 0-585-36518-0. OCLC 47010150.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  161. ^ Erediano, Emmanuel T. (August 20, 2021). "Lt. Gov. Arnold I. Palacios will 'most likely' run for governor with Saipan Mayor David M. Apatang as his running-mate". Marianas Variety News & Views. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  162. ^ "Dems thrilled to participate in upcoming nat'l convention". Saipan Tribune. February 26, 2024. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
  163. ^ a b Alkire, William H. (1984). "The Carolinians of Saipan and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands". Pacific Affairs. 57 (2): 270–283. doi:10.2307/2759128. ISSN 0030-851X. JSTOR 2759128.
  164. ^ "Black Riders show resistance is possible". Workers World Party. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  165. ^ Malhotra, Ravi (2013). "Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels, and Black Power: Community Organizing in Radical Times, Amy Sonnie and James Tracy, New York: Melville House, 2011; The Hidden 1970s: Histories of Radicalism, edited by Dan Berger, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2010; Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class, Jefferson Cowie, London: The New Press, 2010". Historical Materialism. 21 (3): 189–204. doi:10.1163/1569206x-12341304. ISSN 1465-4466.
  166. ^ Austin, Curtis J., 1969- (2006). Up against the wall : violence in the making and unmaking of the Black Panther Party. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-61075-444-6. OCLC 649942374.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  167. ^ Krassner, Paul. (2012). Confessions of a raving, unconfined nut : misadventures in the counterculture (Updated and expanded ed.). New York: Soft Skull Press. ISBN 978-1-59376-503-3. OCLC 813416037.
  168. ^ Alexander, Robert J. (Robert Jackson), 1918 November 26- (2001). Maoism in the developed world. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96148-6. OCLC 44877014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  169. ^ Kwong, Peter. (2005). Chinese America : the untold story of America's oldest new community. Miščevič, Dušanka Dušana. New York: New Press. ISBN 1-56584-962-0. OCLC 60420916.
  170. ^ Blevins, David. (2006). American political parties in the 21st century. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-7864-2480-X. OCLC 64897141.
  171. ^ "The ISO's vote to dissolve and what comes next". SocialistWorker.org. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  172. ^ Forging radical alliances across difference : coalition politics for the new millennium. Bystydzienski, Jill M., 1949-, Schacht, Steven P. London. 2001. ISBN 0-7425-1057-3. OCLC 47364128.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  173. ^ Viets, Sarah; Lenz, Ryan (July 11, 2016). "Matt Heimbach's Traditionalist Youth Network is Cutting Deals with Holocaust Deniers". Southern Poverty Law Center.
  174. ^ "VOTERS COUNT BY PARTY AND PRECINCT" (PDF). Alaska Elections. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  175. ^ "Voter Registration Statistics – April 2024*". AZ SOS. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  176. ^ Winger, Richard (May 3, 2024). "New Arkansas Registration Data". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  177. ^ "Report of Registration - February 20, 2024". CA SOS. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  178. ^ "2024 Voter Registration Statistics". CO SOS. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  179. ^ Winger, Richard (May 16, 2024). "New Connecticut Registration Data". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  180. ^ "State of Delaware Department of Elections Voter Registration Totals By Political Party" (PDF). Delaware Elections. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  181. ^ a b c Winger, Richard (September 4, 2022). "August 2022 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  182. ^ "2024 Presidential Preference Primary Active Registered Voters By Party" (PDF). FL DOS. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  183. ^ Winger, Richard (November 7, 2022). "New Iowa Registration Data". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  184. ^ "2024 Monthly Totals". Kansas SOS. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  185. ^ "Registration Statistics". KY SBOE. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  186. ^ Winger, Richard (May 9, 2024). "New Louisiana Registration Data". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  187. ^ "REGISTERED & ENROLLED VOTERS - STATEWIDE" (PDF). Maine.gov. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  188. ^ "Maryland Board of Elections Voter Registration Activity Report March 2024" (PDF). Maryland Elections. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
  189. ^ Winger, Richard (May 3, 2024). "New Massachusetts Registration Data". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  190. ^ "Count of Registrants Eligible to Vote" (PDF). NE SOS. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  191. ^ "Office of Nevada Secretary of State Voter Registration Statistics". NV SOS. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  192. ^ "Party Registration History 1970-2024". NH SOS. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  193. ^ "Statewide Voter Registration Summary" (PDF). nj.gov. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  194. ^ "2024 Voter Registration Data". NM SOS. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  195. ^ "Voter Enrollment". New York State Board of Elections. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  196. ^ "Voter Registration Statistics". ncsbe.gov. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  197. ^ "Month End Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). oklahoma.gov. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  198. ^ Winger, Richard (April 29, 2024). "New Pennsylvania Registration Data". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  199. ^ "Voter Registration". RI SOS. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  200. ^ "Voter Registration Tracking". SD SOS. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  201. ^ "Current Voter Registration Statistics". Vote.Utah.gov. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
  202. ^ "Voters Registered by Deadline, April 23, 2024 (Preliminary)" (PDF). WV SOS. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  203. ^ Winger, Richard (May 4, 2024). "New Wyoming Registration Data". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 7, 2024.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Nash, Howard P. Jr.; Schnapper, M. B. (1959). Third Parties in American Politics.
  • Ness, Immanuel; Ciment, James (2000). The Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference. ISBN 0-7656-8020-3.
[edit]